Electron Transport Chain Animation Overview (Chemiosmosis)
See an overview of Cellular Respiration here www.youtube.com For a more advanced video of this… www.youtube.com This is the final step in cellular respiration, also known as aerobic respiration. Electrons have been carried by compounds such as NAD+, FADH, and NADP. Now they are used to set off a chemical reaction that takes advantage many membrane proteins of the mitochondria to make ATP. The final membrane protein, an enzyme, is called ATP synthase or sometimes just synthase. The cells of almost all eukaryotes (animals, plants, fungi, algae, protozoa — in other words, the living things except bacteria, archaea, and a few protists) contain intracellular organelles called mitochondria, which produce ATP. Energy sources such as glucose are initially metabolized in the cytoplasm. The products are imported into mitochondria. Mitochondria continue the process of catabolism using metabolic pathways including the Krebs cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid oxidation. The end result of these pathways is the production of two kinds of energy-rich electron donors, NADH and FADH2. Electrons from these donors are passed through an electron transport chain to oxygen, which is reduced to water. This is a multi-step redox process that occurs on the mitochondrial inner membrane. The enzymes that catalyze these reactions have the remarkable ability to simultaneously create a proton gradient across the membrane, producing a thermodynamically unlikely high-energy state with the …
April 6th, 2010 at 11:18 am
what does the letter P in the yellow circle mean?
April 6th, 2010 at 11:30 am
Nice video!
There is only one mistake; when H+ is returning into intermembrane space, ATP sinthase uses 3 H+ per 1ATP, not 2 – as shown at animation.
April 6th, 2010 at 12:19 pm
@INDZ5 Yeah that! Now if I could only find a 2 minute explanation of TCA cycle and another 2 minute explanation of glycolysis, I’s be set (midterm is tomorrow…)
April 6th, 2010 at 12:30 pm
@Murphly
It’s really 1/2 O2.
At Complex IV, 1/2 O2 + 2H+ come in (oxygen can only bind to 1 electron at a time) and leave as water H2O.
…I don’t know how they come up with this stuff…
April 6th, 2010 at 1:00 pm
WOOW what the fudge.. you make it look soo simple.. i wish you were my professor.. still going to fail tomorow…
April 6th, 2010 at 1:43 pm
They, along with O from the glucose form 6CO2
April 6th, 2010 at 2:02 pm
my brain just exploded
April 6th, 2010 at 2:35 pm
because the sky is high
April 6th, 2010 at 3:20 pm
The other oxygen atoms are used to oxidize NADH to NAD+, this is how electrons are transported through a seried of oxidation and reduction reacitons. Also some get converted through the citric acid cycle to CO2
April 6th, 2010 at 3:59 pm
it is released as heat energy. if im not wrong
April 6th, 2010 at 4:00 pm
Why?
April 6th, 2010 at 4:41 pm
6 O2 goes into cell respiration and 6 H2O comes out. What happens to the other 6 oxygen atoms?
April 6th, 2010 at 4:45 pm
The oxygen captures the electrons. Without it, the electrons buil up and have nowhere to go and therefore there is a build up of NADH and not enough NAD+ to continue glycolysis and Krebs Cycle, therefore the cell reverts to anaerobic respiration.
April 6th, 2010 at 5:36 pm
The water is a byproduct. It serves no purpose but to prevent the build-up of low-energy electrons from building up on the inside of the membrane.
April 6th, 2010 at 5:41 pm
@yelir92 Oxygen acts as the receptor of the electrons, and oxygen with extra electrons pairs with water.
April 6th, 2010 at 6:36 pm
the oxygen receives the used electrons and creates water which is released as sweat.
April 6th, 2010 at 6:57 pm
What is the point of the production of the water molecules close to the end?
April 6th, 2010 at 7:41 pm
this wonderful
April 6th, 2010 at 8:16 pm
Chemiosmosis- is just that concentration gradient of the protons in inner membrane.
April 6th, 2010 at 9:07 pm
the thylakoid membrane if thats what you mean is where the first stage of photosynthesis takes place. the matrix is respiration
April 6th, 2010 at 9:50 pm
is the matrix and the thylakoid space the same thing?
April 6th, 2010 at 10:44 pm
@slizza786 well actually 3,3 Protons ( H+) produce enough energy to bind a Pi to an ADP molecule. ( 10 Protons produce 3 ATP)
April 6th, 2010 at 11:23 pm
Actually, the H of NADH can be used to produce 2 and a half ATP and the H of FADH2 can be used to produce one and a half ATP… Don’t know the exact mechanism, but thats the way it is.
The proton motive force is a way to visualize the production of ATP, it doesn’t mean that in real life one H- gets moved trough F0 and F1 to produce 1 ATP at a time…
April 7th, 2010 at 12:01 am
Also, the definition of Chemiosmosis is:
The movement of protons from a high concentration to a low concentration through a concentrated gradient, to help the production of ATP.
April 7th, 2010 at 12:27 am
This video is good BUT there has to be one correction:
only ONE Hydrogen (AKA Proton) is used to produce one ATP, not 2 hydrogen as shown in the video.
Therefore only ONE hydrogen goes through the ATP-Synthase one at a time to produce ONE ATP.
34 ATP CAN be produced (this is not always the case)